Copiado de MedlinePlus
Un servicio de la
¿CÓMO
PUEDEN LAS PERSONAS QUE TUVIERON CÁNCERES DE CABEZA Y CUELLO REDUCIR SU RIESGO
DE UN SEGUNDO CÁNCER PRIMARIO (NUEVO)?
Las
personas que recibieron tratamiento para cánceres de cabeza y cuello tienen una
posibilidad mayor de presentar un nuevo cáncer, usualmente en la cabeza, en el
cuello, en el esófago o en los pulmones (31–33). La posibilidad de un segundo cáncer
primario varía y depende del sitio del cáncer original, pero es mayor para las
personas que consumen tabaco y alcohol (31).
Debido
específicamente a que los pacientes que fuman tienen un riesgo mayor de un
segundo cáncer primario, los médicos recomiendan que los pacientes que fuman
dejen de hacerlo. La información para dejar de fumar está disponible por medio
del Servicio de Información sobre el Cáncer en el teléfono 1–800–422–6237
(1–800–4–CANCER) y en la hoja informativa del NCI EN DÓNDE OBTENER AYUDA SI
USTED DECIDE DEJAR DE FUMAR. El recurso principal del gobierno
federal para ayudar a la gente a dejar de usar tabaco es BETOBACCOFREE.GOV.
El gobierno patrocina también SMOKEFREE WOMEN,
un sitio web para ayudar a las mujeres a dejar el tabaco, y SMOKEFREE TEEN,
el cual está diseñado para ayudar a los adolescentes a que entiendan las
decisiones que toman y cómo esas decisiones afectan sus vidas. El número
gratuito 1–800–784–8669 (1–800–QUIT–NOW) sirve también como punto único de
acceso a líneas telefónicas estatales para ayudar a dejar de fumar.
Bibliografía
selecta
1. Mendenhall WM, Mancuso AA, Amdur RJ, et
al. Squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to the neck from an unknown head and
neck primary site. American Journal of Otolaryngology 2001;
22(4):281–287.
2. Gandini S, Botteri E, Iodice S, et al. Tobacco
smoking and cancer: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Cancer 2008;
122(1):155–164.
3. Hashibe M, Boffetta P, Zaridze D, et al.
Evidence for an important role of alcohol- and aldehyde-metabolizing genes in
cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and
Prevention 2006;
15(4):696–703.
4. Hashibe M, Brennan P, Benhamou S, et al.
Alcohol drinking in never users of tobacco, cigarette smoking in never
drinkers, and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the
International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2007;
99(10):777–789.
5. Boffetta P, Hecht S, Gray N, Gupta P,
Straif K. Smokeless tobacco and cancer. The Lancet Oncology 2008;
9(7):667–675.
6. Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Winn DM, et al.
Smoking and drinking in relation to oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Research 1988;
48(11):3282–3287.
7. Tuyns AJ, Estève J, Raymond L, et al.
Cancer of the larynx/hypopharynx, tobacco and alcohol: IARC international case-control
study in Turin and Varese (Italy), Zaragoza and Navarra (Spain), Geneva
(Switzerland) and Calvados (France). International Journal of Cancer 1988;
41(4):483–491.
8. Hashibe M, Brennan P, Chuang SC, et al.
Interaction between tobacco and alcohol use and the risk of head and neck
cancer: pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology
Consortium. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and
Prevention 2009;
18(2):541–550.
9. Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM,
et al. Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the
United States. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011;
29(32):4294–4301.
10.Adelstein DJ, Ridge JA, Gillison ML, et al. Head and
neck squamous cell cancer and the human papillomavirus: summary of a National
Cancer Institute State of the Science Meeting, November 9–10, 2008, Washington,
D.C. Head and Neck 2009;
31(11):1393–1422.
11. Gillison ML, D’Souza G, Westra W, et al.
Distinct risk factors profiles for human papillomavirus type 16-positive and
human papillomavirus type-16 negative head and neck cancers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2008;
100(6):407–420.
12. Ho PS, Ko YC, Yang YH, Shieh TY, Tsai
CC. The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in Taiwan: an endemic betel quid
chewing area. Journal of Oral Pathology and
Medicine 2002;
31(4):213–219.
13. Goldenberg D, Lee J, Koch WM, et al.
Habitual risk factors for head and neck cancer.Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 2004; 131(6):986–993.
14. Goldenberg D, Golz A, Joachims HZ. The
beverage maté: a risk factor for cancer of the head and neck. Head and Neck 2003;
25(7):595–601.
15. Yu MC, Yuan JM. Nasopharyngeal Cancer.
In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr., editors. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press,
2006.
16. Yu MC, Yuan JM. Epidemiology of
nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Seminars in Cancer Biology 2002;
12(6):421–429.
17. Mayne ST, Morse DE, Winn DM. Cancers of
the Oral Cavity and Pharynx. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr., editors. Cancer
Epidemiology and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press,
2006.
18.Guha N, Boffetta P, Wünsch Filho V, et
al. Oral health and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and
esophagus: results of two multicentric case-control studies. American Journal of Epidemiology 2007;
166(10):1159–1173.
19. Olshan AF. Cancer of the Larynx. In:
Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr., editors. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press,
2006.
20.
Boffetta P,
Richiardi L, Berrino F, et al. Occupation and larynx and hypopharynx cancer: an
international case-control study in France, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland. Cancer Causes and Control 2003;
14(3):203–212.
21. Littman AJ, Vaughan TL. Cancers of the
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr.,
editors. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press,
2006.
22.
Luce D, Leclerc A, Bégin D, et al. Sinonasal cancer and occupational
exposures: a pooled analysis of 12 case-control studies. Cancer Causes and Control 2002;
13(2):147–157.
23.
Luce D, Gérin M, Leclerc A, et al. Sinonasal cancer and occupational
exposure to formaldehyde and other substances. International Journal of Cancer 1993;
53(2):224–231.
24.
Preston-Martin
S, Thomas DC, White SC, Cohen D. Prior exposure to medical and dental x-rays
related to tumors of the parotid gland. Journal of the National Cancer
Institute 1988;
80(12):943–949.
25.
Horn-Ross PL,
Ljung BM, Morrow M. Environmental factors and the risk of salivary gland
cancer.Epidemiology 1997; 8(4):414–429.
26.
Chien YC,
Chen JY, Liu MY, et al. Serologic markers of Epstein-Barr virus infection and
nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwanese men. New England Journal of Medicine 2001;
345(26):1877–1882.
27.Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Therkildsen MH,
Neilsen NH, et al. Undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary gland in
Greenlandic Eskimos: demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus DNA by in situ nucleic
acid hybridization. Human Pathology 1991;
22(8):811–815.
28.
Chan JK, Yip
TT, Tsang WY, et al. Specific association of Epstein-Barr virus with
lymphoepithelial carcinoma among tumors and tumorlike lesions of the salivary
gland. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine 1994;
118(10):994–997.
29.
Jemal A,
Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. Cancer statistics, 2010. CA:
A Cancer Journal for Clinicians2010; 60(5):277–300.
30.
American
Cancer Society (2012). Cancer Facts and Figures 2012 
. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society.
Retrieved December 26, 2012.
. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society.
Retrieved December 26, 2012.
31. Do KA, Johnson MM, Doherty DA, et al.
Second primary tumors in patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancers: joint
effects of smoking and alcohol (United States). Cancer Causes and Control 2003;
14(2):131–138.
32.
Argiris A,
Brockstein BE, Haraf DJ, et al. Competing causes of death and second primary
tumors in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated
with chemoradiotherapy.Clinical Cancer
Research 2004;
10(6)1956–1962.
33.
Chuang SC, Scelo G, Tonita JM, et al.
Risk of second primary cancer
among patients with head and neck cancers: a pooled analysis of 13 cancer
registries. International Journal of Cancer2008;
123(10):2390–2396.
No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario